On April 26, 2022, 28 Congressional leaders requested up to $949.9 million for urban Indian health in FY23 and advanced appropriations for the Indian Health Service (IHS) until such time that authorizers move IHS to mandatory spending.

Reps. Grijalva and Gallego requested up to $949.9 million for urban Indian health in FY23 and advanced appropriations for IHS until such time that authorizers move IHS to mandatory in a letter to Chairwoman Pingree and Ranking Member Joyce of the House Interior Appropriations Committee. The letter stated that “this increase in funding is necessary to address health disparities in the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. AI/ANs are 3.2 times more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 and 2.2 times more likely to die from the virus when compared with white patients.”

This letter comes as a continued effort by the National Council of Urban Indian Health (NCUIH) to address acute health disparities for AI/ANs living in urban areas, who suffer greater rates of chronic disease, infant mortality and suicide compared to all other populations that have only been exacerbated by COVID-19. Congress has acknowledged these significant health care disparities in Indian Country, but continuously underfunds IHS at around $4,000 per patient, and urban Indian organizations (UIOs) at less than $700 per patient even though AI/ANs living in urban areas comprise over two-thirds of the total AI/AN population.

The Congressional leaders also stated their support for the President’s proposal of mandatory funding. The Indian health system is currently not shielded from the negative impacts of government shutdowns, continuing resolutions, and automatic sequestration cuts. Already underfunded, these disruptions can have serious consequences to UIOs’ ability to provide critical patient services. The letter states that, “until authorizers act to move IHS to mandatory funding, we request that your subcommittee provide advance appropriations to the Indian health system to improve certainty and stability.”

This Appropriations letter sends a powerful and straightforward message to Chairwoman Pingree, Ranking Member Joyce, and members of Congress that in order to fulfill the federal government’s trust responsibility to all AI/ANs to provide safe and quality healthcare, funding for urban Indian health must be significantly increased.

NCUIH is grateful for the support of the following Representatives:

1. Ruben Gallego
2. Raul Grijalva
3. Don Bacon
4. Nanette Barragán
5. Shontel Brown
6. Salud Carbajal
7. Sharice Davids
8. Diana DeGette
9. Chuy García
10. Sylvia Garcia
11. Steven Horsford
12. Pramila Jayapal
13. Ro Khanna
14. Teresa Leger Fernandez
15. Zoe Lofgren
16. Doris Matsui
17. Donald McEachin
18. Jerry McNerney
19. Gwen Moore
20. Eleanor Norton
21. Tom O’Halleran
22. Raul Ruiz
23. Kim Schrier
24. Terri Sewell
25. Adam Smith
26. Melanie Stansbury
27. Greg Stanton
28. Rashida Tlaib

Full Letter Text

Dear Chairwoman Pingree and Ranking Member Joyce:

We write to thank you for your proven commitment to urban Indian health and Urban Indian Organizations (UIOs) and to request you continue your support by funding urban Indian health at the highest level possible up to $949.9 million and supporting advance appropriations for IHS in the FY 2023 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.

UIOs provide health care for the over 70% of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) living off-reservation and are an important part of the Indian Health Service (IHS), which oversees a three-prong system for the provision of health care: the Indian Health Service, Tribal Programs, and UIOs (I/T/U). UIOs do not have access to other federal line items that IHS and Tribal facilities do, like hospitals and health clinics money, facilities funds, purchase and referred care (PRC) dollars, or IHS dental services dollars.

Our FY23 request for $949.9 million for urban Indian health reflects the recommendation made by the Tribal Budget Formulation Workgroup (TBFWG), which is comprised of sovereign Tribal leaders representing all twelve IHS service areas. For FY22, the House accepted and passed the TBFWG’s recommendation of $200.5 million for urban Indian health, reflecting the minimum investment we must make in urban Indian health. The marked increase between the FY22 and FY23 request is a result of Tribal leaders’ decision, over several decades, to provide budget recommendations based on a plan to phase in full funding for IHS and UIOs over 10-12 years to address growing health disparities that have largely been ignored. In FY23, Tribal leaders are unified in their request to fully fund UIO need at $949.9 million.

In its report, the TBFWG states that “Due to historically low funding levels for urban Indian health, UIOs are chronically underfunded. Full funding of UIOs will directly benefit urban Indians that rely on UIOs to access culturally-competent care.” If urban Indian health funding continues to be funded at its current pace, it will continue to contribute to the severe health disparities. Due to this fact, we respectfully request the highest possible funding for Urban Indian Health up to TBFWG’s recommendation of $949.9 million, and no less than the FY22 House passed level of $200.5 million.

This increase in funding is necessary to address health disparities in the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. AI/ANs are 3.2 times more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19 and 2.2 times more likely to die from the virus when compared with white patients. Even before the pandemic, the population served by UIOs and IHS was particularly vulnerable. Pre-pandemic life expectancy for AI/ANs was more than four years below the national average and re-occurring health problems are more acute for AI/ANs living in urban areas, who suffer greater rates of chronic disease, infant mortality, and suicide. Yet, despite the historical acknowledgement from Congress of the significant health care disparities in Indian Country and among urban Indians, IHS is underfunded at around $4,000 per patient, with UIOs receiving less than $700 per patient. In order to fulfill the federal government’s trust responsibility to all AI/ANs to provide safe and quality healthcare, funding for urban Indian health must be significantly increased. It is also imperative that such an increase not be paid for by diminishing funding for already hard-pressed IHS and Tribal providers.

We also support the President’s proposal to make IHS funding mandatory. The Indian health system, including IHS, Tribal facilities and UIOs, is the only major federal provider of health care that is funded through annual appropriations. If IHS were to receive mandatory funding or, at the least, advance appropriations, it would not be subject to the harmful effects of government shutdowns, automatic sequestration cuts, and continuing resolutions (CRs). When IHS is funded through a CR, the IHS can only expend funds for the duration of a CR, which prohibits longer term purchases, disrupts the contracts that allow UIOs to provide health care, and quite literally puts lives at risk. Because UIOs must rely on every dollar of limited federal funding they receive to provide critical patient services, any disruption has significant and immediate consequences. Until authorizers act to move IHS to mandatory funding, we request that your subcommittee provide advance appropriations to the Indian health system to improve certainty and stability.

We thank you for your consideration of our request to provide as high a funding level as possible for urban Indian health and the 41 Title V UIOs up to $949.9 million and to support advance appropriations for IHS in the FY 2023 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.

The FY 2023 budget request includes $113 million for urban Indian health, a 53% increase over the FY 2022 enacted amount and mandatory appropriations for IHS.

On April 25, 2022, the Indian Health Service (IHS) published their Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Congressional Justification with the full details of the President’s Budget, which includes $112.5 million for Urban Indian Health— a 53.2% increase above the FY 2022 enacted amount of $73.4 million. According to the IHS Congressional Justification, “This funding increase could support an estimated 1,072,935 health care, outreach, and referral services to Urban Indian users in FY 2023.” The President’s proposal included a total of $127.3 billion in discretionary funding for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and, for the first time ever, $9.3 billion in mandatory funding for IHS for the first year, which includes $9.1 billion in proposed law funding and $147 million in current law funding for the Special Diabetes Program for Indians (SDPI). The budget proposes increased funding for IHS each year over ten years, building to $36.7 billion in FY 2032, to keep pace with population growth, inflation, and healthcare costs.

“The Indian Health System and urban Indian health have long been severely underfunded: only 1% of the Indian health budget goes to urban Indian health despite more than 70% of American Indians and Alaska Natives residing in urban areas. We are grateful for the President’s inclusion of $113 million for urban Indian health in FY 2023. President Biden has shown a strong commitment to urban Indian communities, and we recognize this Administration’s dedication to improving outcomes for all of Indian Country. As the final amount still falls well short of fully funding the Indian Health Service to properly provide health care services for all Natives in the United States to meet the trust responsibility, we will continue to push Congress to provide all the resources necessary to protect the lives of the entire Native population, regardless of where they live,”

– Francys Crevier (Algonquin), CEO, NCUIH

The National Council of Urban Indian Health requested full funding for urban Indian health for FY 2023 at $949.9 million and at least $49.8 billion for IHS in accordance with the Tribal Budget Formulation Workgroup (TBFWG) recommendations. The marked increase for FY23 is a result of Tribal leaders, over several decades, providing budget recommendations to phase in funding increases over 10-12 years to address growing health disparities that have largely been ignored. The Congressional Justification states, “IHS recognizes that we must continue to work in consultation with Tribes and confer with Urban Indian Organizations, and with our partners in Congress, to ensure the budget is structured and implemented correctly with the resources identified over the next 10 years.”

Background and Advocacy

On March 28, 2022, President Biden released his budget request for Fiscal Year FY 2023, pending the more detailed IHS budget request released April 25, which includes specifics on the IHS budget request, including the funding recommendations for urban Indian health.

• IHS FY 2023 Congressional Justification
• President’s FY 2023 Budget
• NCUIH Analysis of President’s FY 2023 Budget

On April 5, 2022, NCUIH President-Elect and CEO of the Indian Health Center of Santa Clara Valley, Sonya Tetnowski (Makah Tribe), testified before and submitted public witness written testimony to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies regarding FY 2023 funding for Urban Indian Organizations (UIOs). NCUIH requested $49.8 billion for the Indian Health Service and $949.9 million for Urban Indian Health for FY 2023 as requested by the TBFWG, Advance appropriations for IHS, and support of mandatory funding for IHS including UIOs.

• NCUIH Appropriations Testimony
• Watch Ms. Tetnowski’s Opening Remarks
• Watch Full Appropriations Hearing
• NCUIH Press Release on FY 2023 Appropriations Hearing

NCUIH recently worked closely with Representatives Gallego and Grijalva on leading a Congressional letter to the House Committee on Appropriations in support of increasing the urban Indian health line item for FY 2023. The letter has bipartisan support and calls for the highest possible funding for Urban Indian Health up to the TBFWG’s recommendation of $949.9 million and advanced appropriations for IHS until such time that authorizers move IHS to mandatory spending.

• Gallego and Rep. Grijalva’s Letter
• NCUIH Toolkit: Contact Congress to Increase Funding for Urban Indian Health TODAY

Next Steps

The Appropriations Committees will review the President’s Budget for consideration as they craft their bills for FY 2023. NCUIH will continue to work with the Biden Administration and Congress to push for full funding of urban Indian health in FY 2023.

The National Council of Urban Indian Health (NCUIH) submitted written testimony for Tribal Public Witnesses to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies regarding Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 funding for Urban Indian Organizations (UIOs). On January 28, 2022, the Subcommittee Chair and Ranking Member requested information from “Indian Country on issues and needs” that is used to develop the annual appropriations bill.

NCUIH advocated in its testimony for additional resources for the Indian Health Service and urban Indian Health.

In the testimony, NCUIH requested the following:

• $48 billion for the Indian Health Service and $950 million for Urban Indian Health for FY23 (as requested by the Tribal Budget Formulation Workgroup)
• Advance appropriations for IHS
• UIOs be insulated from unrelated budgetary disputes through a spend faster anomaly so that critical funding is not halted

NCUIH reiterated, “The federal government owes a trust responsibility to tribes and AI/ANs that is not restricted to the borders of reservations. Funding for Indian health must be significantly increased if the federal government is, to finally, and faithfully, fulfill its trust responsibility.”

NEXT STEPS:

The testimony will be read and considered by the subcommittee as the appropriations process goes forward for FY23. The Subcommittee has not yet announced dates for the hearings on the FY 23 budget.

On January 26-27, 2022, the Indian Health Service (IHS) held their Area Report Presentations Webinar for Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 where Tribal leaders from 12 IHS Areas and leaders from three Native organizations, including the National Council of Urban Indian Health (NCUIH), presented on their budget requests. Many Tribal leaders spoke about the need to increase urban Indian health funding and establish designated funding for urban Indian health facilities and infrastructure.  Many Areas also highlighted mental health and substance abuse needs, Health IT modernization, and permanent authorization of the Special Diabetes Program for Indians (SDPI). As part of the trust responsibility to provide health care to all American Indians and Alaska Natives, Tribal Leaders present their funding needs each year to the Secretary of HHS and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The recommendations are formed through the Tribal Budget Formulation Work Group and serve as a framework for the Administration in setting budget amounts for their annual requests to Congress. This process ensures the federal government has the resources to provide health care to all American Indians and Alaska Natives in fulfillment of the trust responsibility.

Tribal Leaders Highlight the Need for Increased Urban Indian Health Funding

Urban Indian health was a priority in the Area report presentations. IHS Oklahoma Area Representative and President of the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Terri Parton, advocated for $509.963 million in funding for urban Indian health, citing that “Although 78% of AI/ANs reside in urban areas, the IHS funding allocation for urban Indian health only reflects close to 1% of the total annual IHS budget,” and “There are inadequate levels of funding to address the rising urban Indian population.”

Several Areas featured the work of UIOs in their presentations and advocated for increased allocation of funding and resources for urban Indian health.

• IHS Phoenix Area recommended a $18.86 billion funding increase for Health Care Facilities Construction with $2 billion for urban Indian health facility renovation. The Phoenix Area Representative also highlighted that the urban Indian health program increase of $92.6 million identified in the FY 2023 budget recommendations remains a top concern in FY 2024, and recommended increased funding for Tribal and Urban Community Health Representative services.
• IHS Bemidji Area stressed that UIOs are underfunded and rely heavily on grants which can be unstable and recommended $477 million for urban Indian health in FY 2024.
• IHS Portland Area recommended approximately $1.8 billion in funding for the FY 2024 urban Indian health line item.
• IHS Tucson Area listed urban Indian facilities renovations in their top health priorities and Wavalene Saunders, Vice Chairwoman of the Tohono O’odham Nation, highlighted Tucson Indian Center’s collaboration with the Pascua Yaqui Tribe and Tohono O’odham Nation to address COVID-19 vaccine and testing efforts.
• The IHS Billings Area Representatives highlighted two Billings UIO success stories. Lane Spotted Elk, Councilman of Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council, highlighted the Billings Urban Indian Health and Wellness Center’s student mental health and suicide prevention efforts though collaboration with schools. The Indian Family Health Clinic’s food pantry efforts was also highlighted for receiving 5000 pounds of donated food and providing food boxes to patients, primarily seniors, during the pandemic.

NCUIH supports the average of the 12 IHS Areas recommendation of $1 billion for urban Indian health funding for FY 2024.

Meredith Raimondi, NCUIH’s Interim Vice President of Public Policy, presented the following urban Indian organization (UIO) funding priorities for FY 2024 during the Area Report Webinar:

1. Urban Indian health funding amount of approximately $1 billion, which reflects the average of the Area budget formulation recommendations.
2. Availability of funds for UIOs to spend on facilities and infrastructure needs (these funds would be exclusive to UIOs and would not impact the IHS facilities accounts).
3. Behavioral health funding for UIOs.
4. SDPI reauthorization and increase to at least $200 million.
5. Community Health Representatives fund of $3 million for UIOs.

In addition to budget priorities, Raimondi highlighted several “hot topics” for urban Indian health:

1. Safeguard IHS funding through advance appropriations and exception apportionment across the entire IHS/ Tribal/UIO system.
2. Permanent increase in Medicaid dollars for Indian health through the permanent extension of 100% Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) to UIOs and increased reimbursement rates.
   1. The American Rescue Plan Act authorized a temporary two-year extension of 100% FMAP to UIOs beginning April 1, 2021, however, UIOs have not received a single dollar of increased funding.
3. Urban confer: establish a mechanism for dialogue and input between the Department of Health and Human Services agencies overseeing UIO programs and UIOs.

Next Steps

IHS will hold their FY 2024 National Tribal Budget Formulation Work Group on February 10-11, 2022. NCUIH will continue to advocate for $1 billion in funding for urban Indian health and increased resources for UIOs.