Tag Archive for: STI/STD

‘Women are supposed to be the leaders’: intersections of gender, race, and colonisation in HIV prevention with Indigenous young people

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Authors: Vanessa Oliver et al.

Publication Year: 2015

Journal: Culture, Health & Sexuality

Keywords: Cultural Sensitivity and Appropriateness; Gender Identity; Health Disparities; HIV/AIDS; Race; Sexuality; Women's Health; Youth; Erasure; Colonialism

 

Short Abstract: Focusing on gender, race and colonialism, this paper foregrounds the voices of Indigenous young people, their histories of oppression, their legacies of resistance and the continuing strengths rooted in Indigenous peoples, their cultures and their communities.

 

Abstract: Focusing on gender, race and colonialism, this paper foregrounds the voices of Indigenous young people, their histories of oppression, their legacies of resistance and the continuing strengths rooted in Indigenous peoples, their cultures and their communities. Exploring the relationship between gender and colonialism, the paper speaks to the lived realities of young people from Indigenous communities across Canada. Over 85 young people participated in six different Indigenous community workshops to create artistic pieces that explored the connections between HIV, individual risk and structural inequalities. In the course of the research, Indigenous young people, and young Indigenous women in particular, talked about how gender intersects with race and colonisation to create experiences that are, at times, especially difficult for them. In this paper, young people discuss the ways in which colonialism has demeaned women’s roles and degraded women’s sexuality, and how continuing cultural erasure and assimilationist policies impact on their lives and on their bodies.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

Source: https://ncuih.org/wp-content/uploads/Women-are-Supposed-to-be-the-leaders-One-Pager.pdf

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

 

One Pager:

HIV/AIDS Resource Guide

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Authors: NCUIH

Publication Year: 2023

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Sexuality; Toolkit

 

Short Abstract: The HIV epidemic continues to affect millions of Americans every year. Of those affected, AI/ANs have the highest rate of undiagnosed cases compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. AI/AN health data is consistently underestimated due to racial misclassification.

 

Abstract: The HIV epidemic continues to affect millions of Americans every year. Of those affected, AI/ANs have the highest rate of undiagnosed cases compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. AI/AN health data is consistently underestimated due to racial misclassification. Lack of access to testing accounts for some of this disparity. According to the Urban Indian Health Institute (UIHI), only21% of urban Natives have received UIO HIV testing services in their lifetime. This prevalence of undetected cases leads to increased risk of HIV-related death among AI/ANs. Despite these disparities, it can be difficult to find effective, high-quality, and culturally appropriate AI/AN HIV/AIDS resources. In order to alleviate some of this difficulty, we have created this resource toolkit. This guide is meant to be a working document. Just as HIV best practices change with new research and information, so will this guide. Please feel free to contact us with suggested updates and resources. This is meant to be a tool for you! Notes: At NCUIH, we are dedicated to continuously improving our resources to better serve Urban Indian Organizations like yours. In September 2023, we launched the HIV/AIDS Resource Guide for UIOs, and your feedback is crucial to its success. Please consider taking this short, 5-minute survey designed to collect your valuable insights and suggestions, helping us tailor the guide to meet the unique needs of your organization. Survey link: https://ncuih.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_5b6RCWgODGrddq If you have any questions or need further assistance, please feel free to contact Divya Nanduri, HIV/AIDS Program Manager at dnanduri@ncuih.org.

 

Source: Link to Toolkit.

Source: https://ncuih.org/wp-content/uploads/HIV-AIDS-Resource-Toolkit_NCUIH_D359_V2.pdf

Type of Resource: Toolkit

One Pager:

Use of expedited partner therapy among chlamydia cases diagnosed at an urban Indian health centre, Arizona

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Authors: M M Taylor et al.

Publication Year: 2013

Last Updated:

Journal: International Journal of STD & AIDS

Keywords: Women's Health; STDs; Chlamydia; Screening; Treatment; Expedited Partner Therapy

 

Short Abstract: Chlamydia cases diagnosed in the women’s clinic were more likely to receive expedited partner therapy (EPT) and to be re-tested as compared with urgent and emergent care settings.

 

Abstract: Chlamydia cases diagnosed in the women’s clinic were more likely to receive expedited partner therapy (EPT) and to be re-tested as compared with urgent and emergent care settings. Fewer reinfections occurred among patients who received EPT. Disproportionate rates of chlamydia occur among American Indian (AI) populations. To describe use of EPT among chlamydia cases diagnosed at an urban Indian Health Service (IHS) facility in Arizona, health records were used to extract confirmed cases of chlamydia diagnosed between January 2009 and August 2011. Medical records of 492 patients diagnosed with chlamydia were reviewed. Among the 472 cases who received treatment, 246 (52%) received EPT. Receipt of EPT was significantly associated with being female (odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 1.03–4.4, P < 0.001) and receipt of care in the women’s clinic (OR 9.9, 95% CI 6.0–16.2) or in a primary care clinic (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.1). Compared with those receiving care in the women’s clinic, the odds of receipt of EPT were significantly less in those attending the urgent/express care clinic (OR 0.1,95% CI 0.06–0.2), and the emergency department (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.05–0.2). Among treated patients who underwent re-testing (N = 323, 68% total treated) re-infection was less common among those that received EPT (13% versus 27%; OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9). In this IHS facility, EPT was protective in preventing chlamydia re-infection. Opportunities to expand the use of EPT were identified in urgent and emergent care settings.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6751562/pdf/nihms-1050539.pdf

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

An Interview Project with Native American People: A Community-Based Study to Identify Actionable Steps to Reduce Health Disparities

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Authors: J. Leston, C. Crisp, C. Lee, E. Rink

Publication Year: 2019

Last Updated:

Journal:

Keywords: Data Collection; Health Disparities; HIV/AIDS; Mental and Behavioral Health; Programmatic Initiatives; Injection Drug Use; Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)

 

Short Abstract: Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to work with tribal communities to define and develop their own healthcare services and strategies for positive change regarding injection drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The secondary objective of this study was to incorporate community capacity building strategies to develop and sustain programming and resources to optimize tribal communities’ responsiveness to reduce health disparities.

 

Abstract: Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to work with tribal communities to define and develop their own healthcare services and strategies for positive change regarding injection drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The secondary objective of this study was to incorporate community capacity building strategies to develop and sustain programming and resources to optimize tribal communities’ responsiveness to reduce health disparities. Study design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews. Methods: Interviews were guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles to create programs, projects, and policy recommendations meaningful to American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people. Results: The study generated a formative understanding of the context of AI/AN people who inject drugs (PWID) in three distinct AI/AN communities as well as developed local capacity for future programming, projects, and policy. Conclusions: This study confirms CBPR methods should be part of an iterative cycle to inform policy and programs. CBPR has helped strengthen local research capacity and has formed ongoing relationships between study investigators, local liaisons, and the community that will be essential for next phases of program design and policy implementation. This cycle of CBPR could be replicated in other tribal communities to bring awareness of the opioid epidemic and its effects and to prioritize local indigenous and community-led responses.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350618303767?via%3Dihub

Type of Resource: Best Practices Newsletter

Racial Misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives in the HIV/AIDS Reporting Systems of Five States and One Urban Health Jurisdiction, U.S., 1984–2002

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Authors: Jeanne Bertolli et al.

Publication Year: 2007

Last Updated:

Journal: Public Health Reports

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; IHS; Misclassification of AI/AN; Race

 

Short Abstract: Objectives. We examined racial misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) reported to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Reporting Systems (HARS) of five U.S. states and one county.

 

Abstract: Objectives. We examined racial misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) reported to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Reporting Systems (HARS) of five U.S. states and one county. Methods. To identify AI/AN records with misidentified race, we linked HARS data from 1984 through 2002 to the Indian Health Service National Patient Information and Reporting System (NPIRS), excluding non-AI/AN dependents, using probabilistic matching with clerical review. We used chi-square tests to examine differences in proportions and logistic regression to examine the associations of racial misidentification with HARS site, degree of AI/AN ancestry, mode of exposure to HIV, and urban or rural location of residence at time of diagnosis. Results. A total of 1,523 AI/AN individuals was found in both NPIRS and HARS; race was misidentified in HARS for 459 (30%). The percentages of racially misidentified ranged from 3.7% (in Alaska) to 55% (in California). AI/AN people were misidentified as white (70%), Hispanic (16%), black (11%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (2%); for 0.9%, race was unspecified. Logistic regression results (data from all areas, all variables) indicated that urban residence at time of diagnosis, degree of AI/AN ancestry, and mode of exposure to HIV were significantly associated with racial misidentification of AI/AN people reported to HARS. Conclusions. Our findings add to the evidence that racial misidentification of AI/AN in surveillance data can result in underestimation of AI/AN HIV/AIDS case counts. Racial misidentification must be addressed to ensure that HIV/ AIDS surveillance data can be used as the basis for equitable resource allocation decisions, and to inform and mobilize public health action.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003335490712200312

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

HIV/AIDS Protective Factors among Urban American Indian Youths

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Authors: Flavio F. Marsiglia, Tanya Nieri, Arlene Rubin Stiffman

Publication Year: 2006

Last Updated:

Journal: Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved

Keywords: Cultural Sensitivity and Appropriateness; HIV/AIDS; Youth; Family; Substance Use; Sexual Risk

 

Short Abstract: This research examined how family and individual factors influence three HIV/AIDS risk behaviors: having more than one sexual partner in the last three months, substance use at last sexual intercourse, and condom non-use at last sexual intercourse.

 

Abstract: This research examined how family and individual factors influence three HIV/AIDS risk behaviors: having more than one sexual partner in the last three months, substance use at last sexual intercourse, and condom non-use at last sexual intercourse. The sample includes 89 sexually active American Indian adolescents living in a large Southwestern city. Logistic regression results revealed that family communication acts as a protective factor against HIV risk through a lower reported substance use during last sexual intercourse, but it did not appear to affect the number of multiple recent sex partners. Family and personal involvement in American Indian cultural activities, both low on average, had no effect on the outcomes. This study helps to fill the gap in knowledge on sexual health risk and protective factors among American Indian adolescents, an understudied group, and provides implications for intervention with American Indian youths and their families.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038781/

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

Cultural Competence: What Is Needed in Working With Native American With HIV/AIDS?

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Authors: Shelley Hamill, Michael Dickey

Publication Year: 2005

Last Updated:

Journal: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

Keywords: Awareness; Cultural Sensitivity and Appropriateness; Health Disparities; HIV/AIDS; Misclassification of AI/AN

 

Short Abstract: American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) people have a unique culture that is misunderstood by many health care professionals. There are nearly 2.5 million AI/ANs living in the United States in 300 different tribal or language groups and governed by 569 different tribal governments (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002).

 

Abstract: American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) people have a unique culture that is misunderstood by many health care professionals. There are nearly 2.5 million AI/ANs living in the United States in 300 different tribal or language groups and governed by 569 different tribal governments (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). The myriad of ethnicities within the population labeled AI/AN or Native American makes it difficult to identify the scope of the HIV/AIDS problem under today’s system of classification. Throughout the evolution of the health care system, AI/AN populations have experienced, as have other minorities, less than adequate attention with regard to specific and culturally appropriate treatment and prevention programs (Dickey, Tafoya, & Wirth, 2003). Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the area of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. In 2000, then-U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher issued a call for action on the HIV/AIDS crisis in AI/AN communities. He stated an urgent need among Native communities as well as federal and state organizations and community health care providers to work together in an effort to fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic and to bring awareness to community members (Satcher, 2000). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2002), as of December 2002, there were 2,875 AIDS cases among AI/ANs. However, although the actual number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among Native Americans is relatively low, in this small population, the number is alarming. The number of AIDS cases has doubled among this population within the last 5 years (CDC). In the period from 1996 to 2002, AIDS incidence decreased markedly among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders but increased among AI/ANs (CDC). During that same time period, the number of deaths from AIDS also declined among all racial groups except AI/ANs (CDC). Many health professionals estimate the number of AIDS cases among AI/ANs to be much higher than what statistics are currently reporting and that the number of HIV cases could be as much as 10-times greater (Satcher, 2002). For example, a study of drug treatment patients conducted from 1991 to 1994 in New York City showed that the number of Native Americans testing positive for HIV was comparable to that of African Americans (Walters, Simoni, & Harris, 2000). This may indicate higher rates of HIV among AI/ANs within certain geographical populations. As with other minority populations, there is still a great stigma associated with HIV/AIDS within AI/AN communities. Among AI/ANs, concerns over confidentiality are evident because of the close-knit communities in which they live and the tremendous stigma of homosexuality. Many AI/ANs are not seeking testing for HIV because of this concern. As a result, underreporting of HIV among this community remains high. In addition, many Native Americans are misclassified by health care providers as Hispanic, Caucasian, African American, or Asian. During data reporting, this misclassification skews the statistics of the AI/AN population, resulting in underreporting of HIV/AIDS cases.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: http://www.asph.sc.edu/news/cultural.pdf

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

Holistic system of care: a ten-year perspective.

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Authors: Ethan Nebelkopf and Serena Wright

Publication Year: 2011

Last Updated:

Journal: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

Keywords: Cultural Sensitivity and Appropriateness; HIV/AIDS; Mental and Behavioral Health; Violence; Prevention; Intervention; Recovery

 

Short Abstract: The Holistic System of Care for Native Americans in an Urban Environment is a community-focused intervention that provides behavioral health care, promotes health, and prevents disease.

 

Abstract: The Holistic System of Care for Native Americans in an Urban Environment is a community-focused intervention that provides behavioral health care, promotes health, and prevents disease. This approach is based on a community strategic planning process that honored Native American culture and relationships. Substance abuse, mental illness, homelessness, poverty, crime, physical illness, and violence are symptoms of historical trauma, family dysfunction, and spiritual imbalance. The holistic model links treatment, prevention, and recovery. The link between prevention and treatment is early intervention. Peer support is the link between treatment and recovery. Recovering individuals serve as role models linking recovery to prevention. Culture and spirituality build a strong and resilient foundation for recovery. This article documents the effectiveness of the holistic model over a ten-year period that it has been implemented at the Family & Child Guidance Clinic of the Native American Health Center in the San Francisco Bay Area. The holistic model has produced statistically significant reductions in substance abuse among adult Native American women, men, reentry, and homeless populations; reductions in substance abuse among Native American adolescents; reductions in HIV/AIDS high-risk behavior among Native American men, women, and adolescents; and decreases in acting out behavior among Native American severely emotionally disturbed children.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Holistic+system+of+care%3A+a+ten-year+perspective-a0278880917

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

Discriminatory Distress, HIV Risk Behavior, and Community Participation among American Indian / Alaska Native Men Who Have Sex with Men

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Authors: Matthew A. Town, Karina L. Walters, E. Roberto Orellana

Publication Year: 2021

Last Updated:

Journal: Ethnicity and Health

Keywords: Health Disparities; HIV/AIDS; LGBTQ/2S; Mental and Behavioral Health; Minority Groups; Race; Sexuality; Men Having Sex With Men (MSM); Discriminatory Distress; Risk Behavior

 

Short Abstract: Research regarding men who have sex with men (MSM) indicates that exposure to discrimination based on race and sexuality are positively associated with increased incidence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI).

 

Abstract: Research regarding men who have sex with men (MSM) indicates that exposure to discrimination based on race and sexuality are positively associated with increased incidence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). In an effort to better understand this association, we assessed the associations of discriminatory distress with UAI among a sample of 183 American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) MSM using survey data drawn from the HONOR Project. The HONOR Project examined the relationship between trauma, coping, and health behaviors among Two-Spirits (a contemporary name for gender and sexual minorities among American Indian and Alaska Native people). Using multivariable logistic regression techniques, our analysis showed participants reporting higher mean levels of distress from two-spirit discrimination had higher odds of reporting UAI (OR = 1.99, 95% CI, 1.19–3.32) compared to those reporting lower levels of distress. This analysis also showed lower odds of engaging in UAI among participants reporting higher levels of participation in LGBT specific online forums (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.75, 0.99; p < .05) and attending Two-Spirit events (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.71, 0.94; p < .01). Future prevention research and program designs should address the differential impact of discrimination and community participation on sexual behavior specifically among AI/AN MSM.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6581640/

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article

Feasibility and Acceptability of Virtual Implementation of a Sexual Reproductive Health Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program for Native Youth

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Authors: Hima Patel et al.

Publication Year: 2022

Last Updated:

Journal: American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research

Keywords: Communication Technologies; Covid-19; HIV/AIDS; Pregnancy; Women's Health; Substance Use; Youth; Virtual; Telehealth

 

Short Abstract: American Indian/Alaska Native (Native) youth face high rates of substance use, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Respecting the Circle of Life (RCL), a sexual reproductive health and teen pregnancy prevention program for Native youth and their trusted adult, was adapted and delivered in a virtual format with Native youth in a rural, reservation-based Native community.

 

Abstract: American Indian/Alaska Native (Native) youth face high rates of substance use, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Respecting the Circle of Life (RCL), a sexual reproductive health and teen pregnancy prevention program for Native youth and their trusted adult, was adapted and delivered in a virtual format with Native youth in a rural, reservation-based Native community. This manuscript describes the adaptation process, feasibility, and acceptability of virtual program implementation. The manuscript describes the process of rapidly shifting the RCL program into a virtual format. In addition, a mixed-methods process evaluation of implementation forms, program feedback forms, in-depth interviews with participants, and staff debriefing sessions was completed. Results show virtual implementation of RCL is both feasible and acceptable for Native youth and their trusted adults. A key benefit of virtual implementation is the flexibility in scheduling and ability to have smaller groups of youth, which offers greater privacy for youth participants compared to in-person implementation with larger groups. However, internet connectivity did present a challenge for virtual implementation. Ultimately, sexual and reproductive health programs seeking to reach Native youth and families should consider virtual implementation methods, both during and outside of pandemic situations. NOTE: This project was conducted to better understand how the virtual implementation of the program was received by participants and not to draw any conclusions about its utility or impact.

 

Source: Link to Original Article.

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Source: https://coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider205/journal_files/vol29/29_2_2022_63_patel.pdf

Type of Resource: Peer-reviewed scientific article