Knowledge Resource Center Archives - Page 174 of 176

Perceptions of ceremonial and nonceremonial uses of tobacco by American-Indian adolescents in California.

January 21, 2010/in Knowledge Resource Center/by MABU

Authors: Unger JB, Soto C, Baezconde-Garbanati L
Publication Year: 2006
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
Keywords: American-Indian adolescents; tobacco use; ethnic groups; traditional ceremonial tobacco use; commercial tobacco; advertising imagery; health education; habitual use;

Short Abstract: Background: American-Indian adolescents have the highest tobacco use prevalence of all ethnic groups in the Unites States. Although much has been written about the role of tobacco in traditional Native-American cultures, little is known about modern-day perceptions of tobacco among American-Indian adolescents.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: American-Indian adolescents have the highest tobacco use prevalence of all ethnic groups in the United States. Although much has been written about the role of tobacco in traditional Native-American cultures, little is known about modern-day perceptions of tobacco among American-Indian adolescents. METHODS: This study conducted focus groups of 40 American-Indian adolescents in urban and rural areas of Southern California. Participants discussed the role of traditional ceremonial tobacco use in their lives, the use of commercial tobacco as a substitute for sacred tobacco, the perceived safety of traditional versus commercial tobacco, and the perceptions of American-Indian imagery in tobacco advertising. RESULTS: Many American-Indian adolescents may be introduced to traditional tobacco use at early ages. Smoking is viewed as a sign of respect for the elders, but there are acceptable ways for adolescents to participate in ceremonies without inhaling smoke. Commercial cigarettes often are substituted for homegrown tobacco at ceremonies and events. Traditional tobacco was perceived as less dangerous than commercial tobacco because it does not contain chemical additives. However, respondents still perceived that smoking traditional tobacco and breathing tobacco smoke conferred health hazards. Participants found the use of American-Indian imagery in tobacco advertising offensive and stereotypical. Indian casinos were mentioned frequently as places where smoking occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Continued health education efforts are needed to decrease habitual use of commercial tobacco products and secondhand smoke exposure among American-Indian youth. Further research is needed to identify ways for American-Indian youth to participate in their cultural traditions while minimizing their risk for tobacco-related diseases.

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Source: Link to Original Article.
Funding: The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (grant #12RT-0253).
Code: 6
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Use of Native American healers among Native American patients in an urban Native American health center

January 21, 2010/in Knowledge Resource Center/by MABU

Authors: Marbella AM,, Ignace G,, Harris MC, Diehr S
Publication Year: 1998
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: Archives of Family Medicine
Keywords: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Community Health Centers/Utilization; Culture; Female; Health Services, Indigenous/Utilization; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Middle Age; Questionnaires; Urban Population

Short Abstract: Prevalence, utilization patterns, and practice implications of the use of Native American healers together with the use of physicians. Semistructured interviews at an urban Indian Health Service clinic in Milwaukee, Wisc

Abstract: To gain an understanding of the prevalence, utilization patterns, and practice implications of the use of Native American healers together with the use of physicians, we conducted semistructured interviews at an urban Indian Health Service clinic in Milwaukee, Wisc, of a convenience sample of 150 patients at least 18 years old. The mean age of patients was 40 years, and the sex distribution was 68.7% women and 31.3% men. Thirty tribal affiliations were represented, the largest groups being Ojibwa (20.7%), Oneida (20.0%), Chippewa (11.3%), and Menominee (8.0%). We measured the number of patients seeing healers and gathered information on the types of healers, the ceremonies used for healing, the reasons for seeing healers, and whether patients discuss with their physicians their use of healers. We found that 38.0% of the patients see a healer, and of those who do not, 86.0% would consider seeing one in the future. Most patients report seeing a healer for spiritual reasons. The most frequently visited healers were herbalists, spiritual healers, and medicine men. Sweat lodge ceremonies, spiritual healing, and herbal remedies were the most common treatments. More than a third of the patients seeing healers received different advice from their physicians and healers. The patients rate their healer's advice higher than their physician's advice 61.4% of the time. Only 14.8% of the patients seeing healers tell their physician about their use. We conclude that physicians should be aware that their Native American patients may be using alternative forms of treatment, and they should open a respectful and culturally sensitive dialogue about this use with their patients.

Source: Link to Original Article.
Funding:
Code: 3061
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Triangle of Risk:Urban American Indian Woman

January 21, 2010/in Knowledge Resource Center/by MABU

Authors: Simoni JM, Sehgal, Shalini, Walters, Karina, Sehgal S, Walters KL
Publication Year: 2004
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: AIDS and Behavior
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, American Indian women, substance use, physical/sexual abuse, drug risk behavior, alcohol

Short Abstract: A community-based mail survey of 155 urban American Indian women revealed 91% engaged in at least one lifetime HIV sexual or drug risk behavior, including 19% who had sex with an injection drug user and 7% who has traded sex.Respondents reported high rates of lifetime physical (37%) and sexual (39%) assault, which was generally associated with lifetime but not more recent indicators of sexual and drug risk behavior

Abstract: A community-based mail survey of 155 urban American Indian women revealed 91% engaged in at least one lifetime HIV sexual or drug risk behavior, including 19% who had sex with an injection drug user and 7% who has traded sex. Sixty-eight percent of the respondents were sexually active in the last year, with more than half never using condoms. Six percent had ever injected nonprescription drugs; 62% drank alcohol in the last year, with 28% reporting at least one occasion of consuming six or more drinks containing alcohol. Respondents reported high rates of lifetime physical (37%) and sexual (39%) assault, which was generally associated with lifetime but not more recent indicators of sexual and drug risk behavior. Injection drug use mediated the relationship between nonpartner sexual (but not physical) trauma and high-risk sexual behaviors. Findings underscore the need for the integrated assessment and treatment of abuse and substance use as well as more research on the risk behaviors of this understudied and underserved population.

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Code: 2019
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Toward a (Dys)functional anthropology of drinking: ambivalence and the American Indian experience with alcohol.

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Obesity correlates with increased blood pressures in urban Native American youth

January 21, 2010/in Knowledge Resource Center/by MABU

Authors: Smith C, Rinderknecht K
Publication Year: 2003
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: American Journal of Human Biology
Keywords: Native American youth; obesity; dietary intake; blood pressure

Short Abstract: Although obesity is a growing problem with Native American youth living on reservations, little research has been conducted examining the prevalence of obesity and correlations between age, body composition, dietary intake, and blood pressures (BP) for urban Native youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of these variables in urban Native American youth.

Abstract: Although obesity is growing problem with Native American youth living on reservations, little research has been conducted examining the prevalence of obesity and correlations between age, body composition, dietary intake, and blood pressures (BP) for urban Native youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of these variable in urban Native American youth. Height and weight were measured for 155 Native American youth, age 15-18 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified into percentile categories. Skinfold thicknesses at the biceps, triceps, suprailiac, and subscapular sites, arm and waist circumferences, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were also measured. There was a high proportion of obesity (>95 percentile) for youth in all age groups. The prevalence was 38% for the 5-10-year-olds and 45% for the 11-18-year-olds youth. There were no significant correlations between SBP and DBP and dietary variables. Mean SBP and DBP increased with increasing BMI percentiles. Stepwise regression analyses showed that waist circumference, age, and BMI were strong predictors for SBP, while waist circumference and age were predictors for DBP in the total sample. The findings suggest that overweight/obesity is very prevalent among urban Native American youth and the increased adiposity is associated with increased SBP and DBP

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Source: Link to Original Article.
Funding: University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and United Way
Code: 2020
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