Authors: Saylors K, Daliparthy N
Publication Year: 2005
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Keywords: violence; Native American women & children; substance use; physical and sexual abuse; mental health; trauma; psychological distress; high-risk behavior; social role impairment; HIV/AIDS

Short Abstract:

Violence has become a critical public health issue in the United States.  It has had a particularly devastating impact on the health and well being of Native Amerian women and children.  The relationship between aggression and substance use is an intrinsic one: Native women often bear the brunt of violence in drinking situations, which places them and their children at extremely high risk for physical and sexual abuse.

Abstract: Violence has become a critical public health issue in the United States. It has had a particularly devastating impact on the health and well being of Native American women and children. The relationship between aggression and substance use is an intrinsic one: Native women often bear the brunt of violence in drinking situations, which places them and their children at extremely high risk for physical and sexual abuse. In urban environments, many Native American women find themselves in adult relationships that mirror the abuse they experienced and witnessed as children or adolescents. Not only does violence often occur while substances are being used, but conversely, substance use is a frequent consequence of sexual abuse. Clearly, the mental health repercussions of physical or sexual abuse are often severe. Trauma is associated not only with psychological distress, but also with risky behavior and social role impairment. Traumatized women engaging in substance abuse and unsafe sex are at high risk for contracting HIV/AIDS. This article explores the intersection of substance abuse, sexual and physical abuse, and increased HIV risk among urban Native American women in the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Funding:
Code: 16
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Authors: Hsu JS, Williams SD
Publication Year: 1991
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Keywords: injury-related mortality rate; Native American children; injury prevention; ingestion prevention practices

Short Abstract:

The injury-related mortality rate for Native American children between the ages of 1 and 4 years is nearly three times of that of the same age group in the general population.  To assess injury prevention awareness in urban Native American familites, we administered 39 age-appropriate questions from the Framingham Survey to 50 Native American familites and 100 other families and developed an answer scoring system to analyze and compare survey responses.

Abstract: The injury-related mortality rate for Native American children between the ages of 1 and 4 years is nearly three times of that of the same age group in the general population. To assess injury prevention awareness in urban Native American families, we administered 39 age-appropriate questions from the Framingham Survey to 50 Native American families and 100 other families and developed an answer scoring system to analyze and compare survey responses. Survey responses revealed that Native American families are less likely to keep small objects, household products, and medicines out of the reach of their children and to understand the use of ipecac. Although Native American families appear to be less aware of ingestion prevention practices than other urban families, these and other deficiencies in injury prevention awareness are more likely the result of factors related to their low-income status than to culturally based practices.

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Code: 251
Source: Na

Authors: Barney DD, Barney, DD
Publication Year: 1994
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research - Monograph Series
Keywords: Community Mental Health Services/ut [Utilization]; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health Services Needs and Demand/Trends; Male; Mental Disorders/Epidemiology; Middle Age; Rural Population/Statistical & Numerical Data; Urban Population/Statistical & Numerical Data

Short Abstract: This study uses the Anderson and Newman conceptual framework to identify need as well as enabling and predisposing factors for mental health service use in a national sample of reservation and urban American Indian and Alaska Native elders.

Abstract: American Indian and Alaska Native elders are an important at-risk population in need of mental health services, yet little is known about the factors that influence Indian/Native elders to actually seek mental health services. This study uses the Anderson and Newman conceptual framework to identify need as well as enabling and predisposing factors for mental health service use in a national sample of reservation and urban American Indian and Alaska Native elders. Results indicate that self-perceived need is the strongest predictor of mental health service use for elders living on reservations. However, for Indian/Native elders in urban areas, degree of mental impairment is most likely to predict use of mental health services. For both groups of elders, enabling variables, such as total income, level of education and access to medical insurance, were the least important in influencing whether or not an elder elected to use mental health services.

Source: Link to Original Article.
Funding:
Code: 3088
Source:

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Authors: Howard MO, Walker D, Walker PS, Cottler LB, Compton WM
Publication Year: 1999
Last Updated: 2010-01-21 08:14:08
Journal: Addiction
Keywords: American Indian youth; inhalant use; Seattle metropolitan area; family conflict; alcoholism; peer and sibling deviance; self-esteem; deliquency; aggression; anxiety; depression; sensation seeking

Short Abstract:

AIMS: To assess the prevalence of inhalant use among urban American Indian youth and to examine differences between inhalant users and non-users.

Abstract: AIMS: To assess the prevalence of inhalant use among urban American Indian youth and to examine differences between inhalant users and non-users. DESIGN: Baseline (T1) self-report questionnaires completed in 5th-6th grade and at seven annual follow-up assessments (T2-T8). SETTINGS: Seattle metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and twenty-four Indian youth. MEASUREMENTS: Youth-completed measures of substance use, ethnic self-identity, involvement in traditional Indian activities, family conflict, family history of alcoholism, peer and sibling deviance, self-esteem, delinquency, aggression, anxiety, depression, sensation seeking, conduct disorder and alcohol dependence. FINDINGS: Lifetime inhalant use was reported by 12.3% of adolescents. At T1, inhalant users had significantly lower perceived self-worth and average annual household incomes and significantly greater density of familial alcoholism and expression of aggressive and delinquent conduct than non-users. Aggressive behavior was the most important T1 predictor of inhalant use. Lifetime conduct and alcohol dependence disorders were 3.3 and 2.6 times more prevalent among inhalant users than non-users at T5. Inhalant users had more extensive deviant peer networks, were more sensation-seeking, and evidenced lower perceived self-worth than non-users at T8. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalant use was less prevalent in this particular sample of urban Indian adolescents than in most studies of reservation Indian youth. As with other studies of inhalant abuse, aggressive and delinquent males of low SES and low-perceived self-worth with family histories of alcohol dependence, were at highest risk for inhalant use. 

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Funding: Grant no. 5 RO1 AA07103 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Aloholism.
Code: 155
Source: Na