What is RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects the nose, throat, and lungs. It spreads easily through coughs, sneezes, and touching contaminated surfaces. RSV spreads in the fall and winter along with other respiratory viruses and usually peaks in December and January. Most people experience mild, cold-like symptoms, but RSV can be serious for infants, young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. American Indian and Alaska Native children experience a high burden of RSV and face higher risks. They are 4-10 times more likely to get severe RSV, compared to other communities.
What are the risks of RSV?
RSV is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the U.S. Each year in the United States, an estimated 58,000–80,000 children younger than 5 years are hospitalized due to RSV. American Indian and Alaska Native children experience disproportionately higher rates of RSV-related hospitalization and ICU admission when compared to other U.S. infants. RSV can cause severe illness such as:
- Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung)
- Pneumonia (infection of the lungs)
How to prevent severe RSV?
While there is no specific treatment for RSV beyond management of illness with supportive care until the virus clears on its own, there are two immunization options available to prevent severe RSV in infants and young children. A maternal RSV vaccine given to the mother during pregnancy or an RSV antibody given to your baby.
Maternal RSV vaccine given during pregnancy:
- Protection passed to baby during pregnancy
- Recommended when 32-36 weeks pregnant
- Usually given during September-January*
- Maternal antibodies provide protection for ~6 months after birth
RSV monoclonal antibody injection given to the baby:
- Directly provides protection to the baby that lasts at least 5 months
- Recommended for babies younger than 8 months
- Usually given during October-March (RSV Season)*
- American Indian and Alaska Native children are recommended to receive a dose between the ages of 8 and 19 months when entering their second RSV season
*RSV season can be extended in some locations, including Alaska, where RSV has unique circulation patterns. These jurisdictions may adopt locally tailored recommendations for immunizations.
To learn more about RSV and immunizations available to protect both adults and children, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.